Tolnaftate – a thiocarbamate antifungal, which inhibits fungal squalene epoxidase (similar mechanism to allylamines like terbinafine).

Potassium permanganate - for use only on thicker, more insensitive skin such as the soles of the feet.

Potassium iodide – preferred treatment for lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis and subcutaneous zygomycosis ( basidiobolomycosis).

Orotomide (F901318) – pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor.

Nikkomycin – blocks formation of chitin present in the cell wall of fungus.

Miltefosine works by damaging fungal cell membranes.Haloprogin – discontinued due to the emergence of antifungals with fewer side effects.Griseofulvin – binds to microtubules and inhibits mitosis.Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine) – an antimetabolite pyrimidine analog.It is much more strongly antibacterial than antifungal, requiring at least a 10 times higher concentration to kill yeast compared to gram negative bacteria It is commonly used in hospitals as an antiseptic. Chlorhexidine is a topical antibacterial and antifungal.It has antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties and was formerly important as a topical antiseptic. Crystal violet – a triarylmethane dye.It is most useful against tinea versicolour. Ciclopirox (ciclopirox olamine) – a hydroxypyridone antifungal that interferes with active membrane transport, cell membrane integrity, and fungal respiratory processes.Benzoic acid – has antifungal properties, such as in Whitfield's ointment, Friar's Balsam, and Balsam of Peru.Aurones – possess antifungal properties.Amorolfine – a morpholine derivative used topically in dermatophytosis.Echinocandins Įchinocandins inhibit the creation of glucan in the fungal cell wall by inhibiting 1,3-Beta-glucan synthase:Įchinocandins are administered intravenously, particularly for the treatment of resistant Candida species. Examples include butenafine, naftifine, and terbinafine. Imidazoles Īllylamines inhibit squalene epoxidase, another enzyme required for ergosterol synthesis. The imidazole antifungals contain a 1,3-diazole ( imidazole) ring (two nitrogen atoms), whereas the triazole antifungals have a ring with three nitrogen atoms. These compounds have a five-membered ring containing two or three nitrogen atoms. Natamycin – 33 carbons, binds well to ergosterolĪzole antifungals inhibit conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol by inhibition of lanosterol 14α-demethylase.Filipin – 35 carbons, binds to cholesterol (toxic).Therefore, further reduction of the hydrophobic chain may result in it binding to cholesterol, making it toxic to animals. As a polyene's hydrophobic chain is shortened, its sterol binding activity is increased. Amphotericin B is nephrotoxic when given intravenously. However, at therapeutic doses, some amphotericin B may bind to animal membrane cholesterol, increasing the risk of human toxicity. Animal cells contain cholesterol instead of ergosterol and so they are much less susceptible. (In ordinary circumstances membrane sterols increase the packing of the phospholipid bilayer making the plasma membrane more dense.) As a result, the cell's contents including monovalent ions (K +, Na +, H +, and Cl −) and small organic molecules leak, which is regarded as one of the primary ways a cell dies. This changes the transition temperature (Tg) of the cell membrane, thereby placing the membrane in a less fluid, more crystalline state. The polyene antimycotics bind with sterols in the fungal cell membrane, principally ergosterol. This makes polyene antifungals amphiphilic. A polyene antifungal is a macrocyclic polyene with a heavily hydroxylated region on the ring opposite the conjugated system. An example of a condition they are sometimes used for is candida vulvovaginitis which is treated with intravaginal Clotrimazole Topical Ī polyene is a molecule with multiple conjugated double bonds. This may be used to treat some fungal infections of the vaginal region. Used occasionally when there's an infection of the central nervous system and other systemic options cannot reach the concentration required in that region for therapeutic benefit. However, various other antifungal agents could be compounded in this formulation. There is currently only one ocular antifungal available.

Indicated when the fungal infection is located in the eye. The evolution of antifungal resistance is a growing threat to health globally. Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's prescription, but a few are available over the counter (OTC). Canesten ( clotrimazole) antifungal creamĪn antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others.

Antifungal cream